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Water flowed under artesian pressure from an observation well installed 60 feet from the production well.
Flowing artesian groundwater was encountered with a shut-in pressure of 20 psi (almost 50 feet of head above ground surface).
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The production well was drilled by the reverse-rotary method with a borehole diameter of 24 inches to a total depth of 660 feet.
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A 16-inch diameter well with mild steel casing and continuous-slot stainless steel well screen was set to a total depth of 660 feet.
The well was initially developed by air-lift swabbing. Test pumping indicated a low specific capacity due to well loss -- clogging of the borehole wall and gravel pack by residual drilling fluid additives. The well was developed a second time by high-pressure jetting, as described below.
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Chemicals were injected through high-pressure jetting nozzles with the top of the well closed off, followed by simultaneous jetting with plain water and air-lift pumping of the well, followed by air-lift pumping from a double swab.
Two rounds of chemicals were used:
Shock chlorine at 1,200 ppm to oxidize polymer drilling additives, and
Polymer dispersant to remove bentonite drilling clays and formation clays.
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Jet nozzles are recessed 1/2-inch into the spring-loaded shoe. The size of the nozzle openings can be changed to suit the application.
The jetting assembly is rotated by a top-head-drive drilling rig and slowly moved through the well-screen intervals.
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Turbid water is discharged from the well by air-lift pumping with simultaneous high-pressure jetting.
In spite of the fact that high-pressure jetting removed a lot of mud and very fine formation sand from the well, it did not improve the specific capacity (yield) of the well.
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